![]() A United States customary unit is pounds per square inch (lb/in 2 or psi). In the International System of Units (SI), the unit is the pascal (Pa) (or a multiple thereof, often megapascals (MPa), using the SI prefix mega) or, equivalently to pascals, newtons per square metre (N/m 2). For some non-homogeneous materials (or for assembled components) it can be reported just as a force or as a force per unit width. Tensile strength is defined as a stress, which is measured as force per unit area. Others, which are more ductile, including most metals, experience some plastic deformation and possibly necking before fracture. Some materials break very sharply, without plastic deformation, in what is called a brittle failure. However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material. The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen. They are tabulated for common materials such as alloys, composite materials, ceramics, plastics, and wood. Tensile strengths are rarely of any consequence in the design of ductile members, but they are important with brittle members. The equivalent point for the case of compression, instead of tension, is called the compressive strength. The highest point of the stress–strain curve is the ultimate tensile strength and has units of stress. ![]() The ultimate tensile strength is usually found by performing a tensile test and recording the engineering stress versus strain. In brittle materials the ultimate tensile strength is close to the yield point, whereas in ductile materials the ultimate tensile strength can be higher. Ultimate tensile strength (also called UTS, tensile strength, TS, ultimate strength or F tu in notation) is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. ![]() The maximum stress it withstands before fracturing is its ultimate tensile strength. ![]() Two vises apply tension to a specimen by pulling at it, stretching the specimen until it fractures. Maximum stress withstood by stretched material before breaking ![]()
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